中华人民共和国测绘成果管理规定(附英文)

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中华人民共和国测绘成果管理规定(附英文)

国务院


中华人民共和国测绘成果管理规定(附英文)

(1989年3月21日中华人民共和国国务院令第32号公布 自1989年5月1日起施行)

规定
第一条 为加强对则绘成果的管理,保证测绘成果的合理利用,提高测绘工作的经济效益和社会效益,更好地为社会主义现代化建设服务,制定本规定。
第二条 本规定所称测绘成果,是指在陆地、海洋和空间测绘完成的下列基础测绘成果和专业测绘成果:
(一)天文测量、大地测量、卫星大地测量、重力测量的数据和图件;
(二)航空和航天遥感测绘底片、磁带;
(三)各种地图(包括地形图、普通地图、地籍图、海图和其他有关的专题地图等);
(四)工程测量数据和图件;
(五)其他有关地理数据;
(六)与测绘成果直接有关的技术资料等。
第三条 国务院测绘行政主管部门主管全国测绘成果的管理和监督工作,并负责组织全国基础测绘成果及其有关专业测绘成果的接收、搜集、整理、储存和提供使用。
省、自治区、直辖市人民政府测绘行政主管部门主管本行政区域内测绘成果的管理和监督工作,并负责组织本行政区域内基础测绘成果以及有关专业测绘成果的接收、搜集、整理、储存和提供使用。
国务院有关部门和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府有关部门负责本部门专业测绘成果的管理工作。
军队测绘主管部门负责军事部门测绘成果的管理工作。
第四条 测绘成果应当实行科学管理,建立健全规章制度,运用现代科学技术手段,及时、准确、安全、方便地提供使用。
第五条 测绘成果应当根据公开(公开使用、公开出版)和未公开(内部使用、保密)的不同性质,按照国家有关规定进行管理。
第六条 基础测绘成果保密等级的划分、调整和解密,经国务院测绘行政主管部门会同军队测绘主管部门商国家及军队保密主管部门决定后,由国务院测绘行政主管部门发布。
专业测绘成果保密等级的划分、调整和解密,由有关专业测绘成果管理部门确定,并报同级测绘行政主管部门备案;其密级不得低于原使用的地理底图和其他基础测绘成果的密级。
各部门、各单位使用保密测绘成果,必须按照国家保密法规进行管理。保密测绘成果确需公开使用的,必须按照国家规定进行解密处理。
保密测绘成果的销毁,应当经测绘成果使用单位的县级以上主管部门负责人批准,严格进行登记、造册和监销,并向提供该成果的管理机构备案。
第七条 国务院有关部门和地方有关部门完成的基础测绘成果以及有关专业测绘成果,必须依照规定按年度分别向国务院测绘行政主管部门或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府测绘行政主管部门汇交下列成果目录或者副本:
(一)天文测量、大地测量、卫星大地测量、重力测量的数据和图件的目录及副本(一式一份);
(二)航空、航天遥感测绘底片和磁带的目录(一式一份);
(三)地形图、普通地图、地籍图、海图、其他重要专题地图的目录(一式一份);
(四)正式印制的各种地图(一式两份);
(五)有关重大工程测量的数据和图件目录(一式一份)。
第八条 外国人经中华人民共和国政府或者其授权部门批准,在中华人民共和国境内及境外属中华人民共和国管辖海域内单独测绘或者与中华人民共和国有关部门合作测绘的成果,依据本规定进行管理,其成果的所有权属分别为:
(一)外国人或者外国人与中华人民共和国有关部门合作在中华人民共和国境内测制的测绘成果,均属中华人民共和国所有;
(二)外国人与中华人民共和国有关部门合作在中华人民共和国境外属中华人民共和国管辖海域内测制的测绘成果,应当在不违反本规定的前提下,由双方按合同规定分享;
(三)外国人在中华人民共各国境外属中华人民共和国管辖海域内测制的测绘成果,必须向中华人民共和国测绘行政主管部门提供全部测绘成果的副本或者复制件。
第九条 需要使用其他省、自治区、直辖市的基础测绘成果的单位,必须持本省、自治区、直辖市人民政府测绘行政主管部门的公函,向该成果所在省、自治区、直辖市的测绘行政主管部门办理使用手续。
需要使用其他省、自治区、直辖市专业测绘成果的单位,按专业成果所属部门规定的办法执行。
第十条 军事部门需要使用政府部门测绘成果的,由总参谋部测绘主管部门或者大军区、军兵种测绘主管部门,通过国务院测绘行政主管部门或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府测绘行政主管部门统一办理。
政府部门或者单位需要使用军事部门测绘成果的,由国务院测绘行政主管部门或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府测绘行政主管部门,通过总参谋部测绘主管部门或者大军区、军兵种测绘主管部门统一办理。
第十一条 测绘行政主管部门应当对本行政区域内测制的测绘成果负责质量监督管理。
各有关部门和单位测制的测绘成果,必须经过检查验收,质量合格后方能提供使用。
第十二条 测绘成果实行有偿提供。有偿提供测绘成果的办法和收费标准由国务院测绘行政主管部门商有关测绘成果的管理部门后,会同国务院物价行政主管部门另行规定。
第十三条 测绘成果不得擅自复制、转让或者转借。确需复制、转让或者转借测绘成果的,必须经提供该测绘成果的部门批准;复制保密的测绘成果,还必须按照原密级管理。
受委托完成的测绘成果,受托单位未经委托单位同意不得复制、翻印、转让、出版。
第十四条 国务院有关部门对外提供中华人民共和国未公开的测绘成果,必须报经国务院测绘行政主管部门批准。地方有关部门和单位对外提供中华人民共和国未公开的测绘成果,必须报经省、自治区、直辖市人民政府测绘行政主管部门批准。为了确保重要军事设施的安全保密,各送
审单位对外提供未公开的测绘成果的具体办法,按国务院的有关规定执行。
第十五条 中华人民共和国境内及境外属中华人民共和国管辖海域内的重要地理数据(包括位置、高程、深度、面积、长度等),应当经国务院测绘行政主管部门审核报国务院批准后,由国务院或者其授权部门发布。
第十六条 对测绘成果管理做出重大贡献或者显著成绩的单位和个人,予以表扬或者奖励。
第十七条 测绘成果质量不合格给用户造成损失的,由该测绘成果的测绘单位赔偿直接经济损失,并负责补测或者重测;情节严重的,由测绘行政主管部门处以罚款或者取消其相应的测绘资格。
第十八条 有下列行为之一的单位,按以下规定,给予行政处罚:
(一)对违反国家规定的测绘成果收费标准,擅自提价收取测绘成果费用的,依照《中华人民共和国价格管理条例》的规定没收其非法所得,可以并处相当于非法所得金额三至五倍的罚款;
(二)对发生重大测绘成果泄密事故的,由测绘行政主管部门给予通报批评,并按本规定第十九条规定追究单位负责人的责任。
(三)对未经提供测绘成果的部门批准,擅自复制、转让或者转借测绘成果的,由测绘行政主管部门给予通报批评,可以并处罚款。
第十九条 有下列行为之一的个人,由其所在单位或者该单位的上级主管机关给予行政处分;构成犯罪的,由司法机关依法追究刑事责任:
(一)丢失保密测绘成果,或者造成测绘成果泄密事故的;
(二)未按本规定第十四条规定履行报批手续,擅自对外提供未公开的测绘成果的;
(三)测绘成果管理人员不履行职责,致使测绘成果遭受重大损失,或者擅自提供未公开的测绘成果的;
(四)测绘成果丢失或者泄密造成严重后果以及对造成测绘成果丢失或者泄密事故不查处的单位负责人。
第二十条 当事人对行政处罚决定不服的,可以在接到处罚通知次日起十五日内,向作出处罚决定部门的上级行政主管部门申请复议;对复议决定不服的,可以在接到复议决定次日起十五日内,向人民法院起诉;当事人也可以在接到处罚通知次日起十五日内,直接向人民法院起诉,期满不起诉又不执行的,由作出处罚决定的行政主管部门申请人民法院强制执行。
第二十一条 省、自治区、直辖市人民政府,国务院有关部门和军队,可以依照本规定结合实际制定实施办法。
第二十二条 本规定由国务院测绘行政主管部门负责解释。
第二十三条 本规定自1989年5月1日起施行。

PROVISIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA CONCERNING THE AD-MINISTRATION OF ACHIEVEMENTS IN SURVEY AND DRAWING

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
PROVISIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA CONCERNING THE AD-
MINISTRATION OF ACHIEVEMENTS IN SURVEY AND DRAWING
(Promulgated by Decree No. 32 of the State Council of the People's
Republic of China on March 21, 1989 and effective as of May 1, 1989)
Article 1
These Provisions are formulated with a view to strengthening the
administration of achievements in survey and drawing, ensuring the
rational use of achievements in survey and drawing, and increasing the
economic and social benefits of survey and drawing so as to render a
better service in socialist modernization.
Article 2
The "achievements in survey and drawing", as mentioned in these
Provisions, refer to the following achievements in basic survey and
drawing and in specialized survey and drawing that are completed on land,
at seas and oceans, and in space:
(1) the data and pictures from astronomical survey, geodetic survey,
geodetic survey completed on artificial satellites, and gravitational
survey;
(2) the data, recorded on negatives and magnetic tapes, that are collected
from aerial survey and airborne remote sensing survey;
(3) various kinds of maps (including topographic maps, ordinary maps, land
registry maps, sea charts, and other relevant specialized maps);
(4) the data and pictures from engineering survey;
(5) other relevant geographical data; and
(6) technical data directly related to achievements in survey and drawing.
Article 3
The competent authorities for the administration of survey and drawing
under the State Council shall be in charge of the administration of and
supervision over the achievements in survey and drawing of the whole
country, and shall also be responsible for the organizational work for the
reception, collection, sorting out, storage, and provision for use, on a
nationwide scale, of the achievements in basic survey and drawing and the
relevant achievements in specialized survey and drawing. The competent
authorities for the administration of survey and drawing under the
people's governments of various provinces, autonomous regions, and
municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be in charge of
the administration of and supervision over the achievements in survey and
drawing within their respective administrative areas, and shall also be
responsible for the organizational work for the reception, collection,
sorting out, storage, and provision for use, within their respective
administrative areas, of the achievements in basic survey and drawing and
the relevant achievements in specialized survey and drawing.
The departments concerned under the State Council and the departments
concerned under the People's governments of various provinces, autonomous
regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be
responsible for the administration of the achievements in specialized
survey and drawing of their respective departments. The competent
authorities for the administration of survey and drawing in the armed
forces shall be responsible for the administration of the achievements in
survey and drawing in military departments.
Article 4
With respect to achievements in survey and drawing, scientific
administration shall be practised, rules and regulations be instituted and
perfected and modern scientific and technical means be employed so as to
provide the achievements for timely, accurate, safe and convenient use.
Article 5
The achievements in survey and drawing shall, in light of their different
natures-those open to the public (i.e. to be openly used, or openly
published), and those kept from the public (i.e. to be used only within
restricted departments, or kept confidential), be administered in
accordance with the relevant regulations of the State.
Article 6
The security classification, readjustment, and declassification of
achievements in basic survey and drawing shall be promulgated by the
competent authorities for the administration of survey and drawing under
the State Council after the competent authorities for the administration
of survey and drawing under the State Council and the competent
authorities for the administration of survey and drawing in the armed
forces have jointly consulted with the competent authorities for guarding
secrets of both the State and the armed forces.
The security classification, readjustment, and declassification of
achievements in specialized survey and drawing shall be determined by the
department concerned for the administration of achievements in specialized
survey and drawing and they shall also be reported to the competent
authorities for the administration of survey and drawing at the same level
for the record; and their classes of security shall not be lower than
those of the originally used geographical base maps and of other
achievements in basic survey and drawing.
Various departments and units must, in using classified achievements in
survey and drawing, carry out administration in accordance with the
relevant laws and regulations of the State on guarding secrets. In the
event that classified achievements in survey and drawing have to be used
openly, they must go through the process of declassification in accordance
with the relevant regulations of the State.
The destruction of classified achievements in survey and drawing shall be
approved by the person in charge of the competent authorities at or above
the county level of the user unit of the said achievements in survey and
drawing. The classified achievements in survey and drawing to be destroyed
shall be duly registered and recorded, and then destroyed under
supervision; and the destruction shall also be reported, for the record,
to the administrative department that had provided the said achievements.
Article 7
With respect to the achievements in basic survey and drawing and the
relevant achievements in specialized survey and drawing made by the
departments concerned under the State Council and by the local departments
concerned, the departments mentioned above must submit annually, in
accordance with pertinent provisions, to the competent authorities for the
administration of survey and drawing under the State Council or to the
competent authorities for the administration of survey and drawing under
the people's governments of various provinces, autonomous regions, and
municipalities directly under the Central Government, a catalogue or its
duplicate listing the following achievements:
(1) a catalogue and its duplicate (one copy of each) of the data and
pictures from astronomical survey, geodetic survey, geodetic survey
completed on artificial satellites, and gravitational survey;
(2) a catalogue (one copy) of the data, recorded on negatives and magnetic
tapes, that are collected from aerial survey and airborne remote sensing
survey;
(3) a catalogue (one copy) of topographic maps, ordinary maps, land
registry maps, sea charts, and other important specialized maps;
(4) various kinds of officially printed maps (in duplicate);
(5) a catalogue (one copy) of the data and pictures collected from survey
of important engineering projects.
Article 8
The achievements - made in survey and drawing by foreigners independently
or in cooperation with the departments concerned of the People's Republic
of China, within the territory of the People's Republic of China, or
outside the land territory of China, in the sea areas that are under the
jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China, with the approval of the
government of the People's Republic of China or the approval of a
department authorized by it - shall be administered in accordance with
these Provisions. The proprietary rights of the aforesaid achievements
are stipulated as follows:
(1) the achievements made in survey and drawing by foreigners
independently or in cooperation with the departments concerned of the
People's Republic of China within the territory of the People's Republic
of China shall all belong to the People's Republic of China;
(2) the achievements made in survey and drawing by foreigners in
cooperation with the departments concerned of the People's Republic of
China, outside the land territory of China, in the sea areas under the
jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China shall, on the premise of
not violating these Provisions, be shared between the two parties
concerned in accordance with the stipulations in the relevant contract;
(3) with respect to those achievements made in survey and drawing by
foreigners independently outside the land territory of the People's
Republic of China, in the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's
Republic of China, the aforesaid foreigners must provide the competent
authorities for the administration of survey and drawing of the People's
Republic of China with a duplicate or a reproduction of all the
achievements made in their survey and drawing.
Article 9
Where a unit has the necessity to make use of the achievements in basic
survey and drawing made by other provinces, autonomous regions, or
municipalities directly under the Central Government, the said unit shall
go through the procedures for the use of the aforesaid achievements in
survey and drawing by presenting an official letter written by the
competent authorities for the administration of achievements in survey and
drawing of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under
the Central Government where the unit is located, to the competent
authorities for the administration of achievements in survey and drawing
of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the
Central Government where the achievements have been made.
Where a unit has the necessity to make use of the achievements in
specialized survey and drawing of other provinces, autonomous regions, and
municipalities directly under the Central Government, the case shall be
handled in accordance with the procedures stipulated by the department,
under whose administration the aforesaid achievements in specialized
survey and drawing are placed.
Article 10
Where a military department has the necessity to make use of the
achievements in survey and drawing made by government departments, the
case shall be handled in a unified manner by the competent authorities for
the administration of achievements in survey and drawing under the
Headquarters of the General Staff, or by the competent authorities for the
administration of achievements in survey and drawing under military region
or the services, in cooperation with the competent authorities for the
administration of achievements in survey and drawing under the people's
governments of the various provinces, autonomous regions, and
municipalities directly under the Central Government. Where a government
department or a unit has the necessity to make use of the achievements in
survey and drawing made by military departments, the case shall be handled
by the competent authorities for the administration of achievements in
survey and drawing under the State Council, or by the competent
authorities for the administration of achievements in survey and drawing
under the people's governments of the various provinces, autonomous
regions, or municipalities directly under Central Government, in
cooperation with the competent authorities for the administration of
achievements in survey and drawing under the Headquarters of the General
Staff, or with the competent authorities for the administration of
achievements in survey and drawing under military region or the services.
Article 11
The competent authorities for the administration of achievements in survey
and drawing shall be responsible for the quality control and
administration of the achievements in survey and drawing made within the
boundaries of their own administrative areas. The achievements in survey
and drawing made by the various departments and units concerned must be
subject to the procedures for checking up and acceptance; and only those
which are up to the standard shall be provided for use.
Article 12
The provisions of achievements in survey and drawing shall be non-
gratuitous. The procedures and the rate of fees for the non-gratuitous
provision of achievements in survey and drawing shall be stipulated
separately, after consultation with the administrative department for the
achievements in survey and drawing in question, by the competent
authorities for the administration of achievements in survey and drawing
under the State Council in conjunction with the competent authorities for
the administration of commodity prices.
Article 13
Achievements in survey and drawing shall not be duplicated, transferred or
lent out without permission. Where it is truly necessary to duplicate,
transfer or lend out achievements in survey and drawing, the approval from
the department that is to provide the needed achievements in survey and
drawing must be obtained; where the classified achievements in survey and
drawing are duplicated, they must be subjected to the administration
corresponding to the original security class.
As regards achievements in survey and drawing made through entrustment by
unit, the trustee unit may not duplicate, reprint, transfer, or publish
the said achievements without the permission of the entrusting unit.
Article 14
When a department concerned under the State Council provides a foreign
party with achievements in survey and drawing of the People's Republic of
China that have not yet become open, the said department must submit the
case, for approval, to the competent authorities for the administration of
achievements in survey and drawing. When a local department or unit
concerned provides a foreign party with achievements in survey and drawing
of the People's Republic of China that have not yet become open, the said
department or unit must submit the case, for approval, to the competent
authorities for the administration of achievements in survey and drawing
under the people's government of a province, an autonomous region, or a
municipality directly under the Central Government. In order to safeguard
the security and secrets of important military installations, the specific
measures for all units which submit for examinations any achievements in
survey and drawing to be provided for the use of a foreign party and that
have not yet become open shall comply with the pertinent provisions of the
State Council.
Article 15
The important geographical data (including position, altitude, depth,
area, and length) collected in the territory of the People's Republic of
China and in the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic
of China, shall be submitted, for examination and verification, to the
competent authorities for the administration of achievements in survey and
drawing under the State Council, and then to the State Council for
approval before they are published by the State Council or by its
authorized agencies.
Article 16
Units and individuals that have made great contributions to, or achieved
remarkable results in, the administration of achievements in survey and
drawing shall be commended or rewarded.
Article 17
If the inferior quality of the achievements in survey and drawing has
resulted in losses on the part of the user, the unit that has undertaken
the said survey and drawing shall compensate for the direct economic
losses mentioned above, and be responsible for conducting supplementary
survey and drawing; if the case is serious, the competent authorities for
the administration of achievements in survey and drawing shall impose a
fine on the said unit or revoke its corresponding qualifications for
survey and drawing.
Article 18
Any unit that has committed one of the following acts shall be given
administrative sanctions in accordance with the following provisions:
(1) with respect to a unit which, in violation of the state provisions on
the rate of fees for the provision of achievements in survey and drawing,
has raised and collected without authorization the charges for
achievements in survey and drawing, the illegal gains of the said unit
shall be confiscated in accordance with the provisions of the Regulations
of the People's Republic of China on the Control of Prices, and a fine
equal to 3 to 5 times the said illegal gains may be imposed concurrently;
(2) with respect to a unit which has been held responsible for a major
divulgence of classified achievements in survey and drawing, the competent
authorities for the administration of achievements in survey and drawing
shall issue a circular criticizing the said unit, and the responsibilities
of the person-in-charge of the said unit shall be investigated in
accordance with the provisions of Article 19 of these Provisions;
(3) with respect to a unit which has duplicated, transferred, or lent out
achievements in survey and drawing without the approval from the
department that provides the said achievements, the competent authorities
for the administration of achievements in survey and drawing shall issue a
circular criticizing the said unit, and a fine may also be imposed
concurrently.
Article 19
An individual who has committed any of the following acts shall be given
administrative sanction by the unit where he/she works, or by its higher
competent authorities; if the act has constituted a crime, the criminal
responsibilities of the offender shall be investigated by judicial organs
according to law:
(1) an individual who has lost classified achievements in survey and
drawing, or who is held responsible for the divulgence of secret
achievements in survey and drawing;
(2) an individual who, in violation of the stipulation in Article 14 of
these Provisions regarding the procedures for examination and approval,
has provided without permission a foreign party with achievements in
survey and drawing that have not yet become open;
(3) the administrative personnel who have failed to carry out their duties
in safeguarding achievements in survey and drawing and caused great losses
or damage to the achievements in survey and drawing; or they have
provided, without permission, those achievements that have not yet become
open;
(4) an individual who has lost achievements in survey and drawing or
divulged secrets in this regard and caused serious consequences, and the
person-in-charge of the unit who fails to investigate and deal with such
incidents.
Article 20
If a party concerned refuses to accept the decision on administrative
sanction, he/she may, within 15 days from the next day of the receipt of
the notification on the administrative sanction, apply for reconsideration
to the competent administrative department at a higher level than the
department that has made the said administrative sanction; if the said
party does not accept the decision made after the reconsideration, he/she
may, within 15 days from the next day of the receipt of the
reconsideration decision, bring a suit before a people's court; the party
concerned may also directly bring a suit before a people's court within 15
days beginning from the second day of the receipt of the sanction
decision; if the party concerned neither brings a suit before the court,
nor carries out the sanction decision, the competent administrative
department that made the sanction decision shall apply to the people's
court for compulsory enforcement.
Article 21
The people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions, and
municipalities directly under the Central Government, the departments
concerned under the State Council, and the armed forces may formulate
rules for the implementation of these Provisions in accordance with these
Provisions and in the light of their respective conditions.
Article 22
The rights to interpret these Provisions shall reside in the competent
authorities for the administration of survey and drawing under the State
Council.
Article 23
These Provisions shall go into effect on May 1, 1989.


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中国人民建设银行关于印发《建设银行资产负债比例管理操作规程》的通知

建设银行


中国人民建设银行关于印发《建设银行资产负债比例管理操作规程》的通知
1996年2月16日,建设银行

建设银行各省、自治区、直辖市分行,计划单列市分行,香港分行:
根据商业银行实行资产负债比例管理的有关原则规定,总行决定自1996年起,全面试行资产负债比例管理为基础的贷款规模管理,并制订了《建设银行资产负债比例管理操作规程》。《规程》已经总行行长办公会议和全国建设银行计划工作会议讨论通过。现印发给你们,请认真贯彻执行。从业务发展需要及调整贷款投向的要求出发,经总行资产负债管理委员会讨论决定,现对1996年有关贷款安排提出以下原则要求,请各分行在存贷比控制和调度中据此综合平衡,统筹安排:
一、关于国际结算配套人民币贷款。国际结算业务是今年全行业务发展的一个重点,各分行应优先安排其所需的人民币配套贷款。要在总行核定的存贷比中,根据自身国际结算量的增长情况,发放一定比例的人民币贷款,并在季度中间合理利用存贷比的浮动政策灵活调剂,支持国际结算所需的临时流动资金贷款需要,不单独切块安排。
二、关于房地产信贷部自营性信贷。纳入核定下达各分行的存贷比例,由各一级分行平衡安排。从支持房地产信贷业务发展、保持业务优势出发,承认基数,同时各分行核定房地产自营性新增存贷比例原则上应不低于总行核定分行的新增存贷比例(按核定余额存贷比换算)。因各种原因总行安排支持的房地产贷款,各分行在比例内确无法解决的,总行资金计划部与房地产信贷部协调后,提出专项追加比例建议,经总行资产负债管理委员会批准后下达。此外,房地产自营性信贷资金体制,按全行统一的资金管理体制执行。原二级准备金全部并入总行经营调节基金。
三、关于信用卡透支。1996年应争取将信用卡透支余额占信用卡存款余额的比例在1995年的基础上有较明显的压缩,重点是在允许按规定办理正常善意透支的同时,压缩非正常透支余额。
四、关于储蓄小额抵押贷款。各分行可根据开办此项贷款业务的网点数量及其新增储额适当安排。储蓄小额抵押贷款按总行已下发的有关规定管理,发放应力求期限短、周转快,要规范管理,防范风险。
五、各分行按比例新增的流动资金贷款中贴现性质的贷款应达到5%左右,沿海行应争取超过5%。
六、关于储备贷款。总行暂不再下达中央和建贷储备贷款回收计划,收回的贷款由各一级分行安排,用于国家重点和大中型建设项目的需要,不得挪作他用或层层下切。
七、关于科技开发、地矿、劳改劳教等专项贷款。已包含于核定下达各分行的存贷比例内,各分行必须在核定下达的比例内按总行下达项目计划保证安排。对不按总行计划安排者,将视情况调减其季度执行存贷比。

附:建设银行资产负债比例管理操作规程
根据商业银行改革和发展要求,我行自1996年起全面试行以资产负债比例管理为基础的贷款规模管理。资产负债比例管理的总原则是:第一,执行国家金融宏观调控政策,控制总量,保证重点;第二,实事求是,承认现状,区别对待,逐步调整;第三,鼓励各行壮大资金实力,按“三性”要求合理配置资金,增强竞争能力。
一、基本方法
资产负债比例管理的基本方法是:统一管理,划分类型,综合定比,按季考核。
统一管理是指由建设银行总行统一执行人民银行核定的比例指标,对人民银行负责;并在保证执行国家重点项目贷款和总行统一经营需要的前提下,对系统内一级分行实行存贷款余额比例管理。
划分类型是指根据辖内各分行的资产负债状况,按照各项贷款占存款的余额比例进行分类,区别对待。
综合定比是指在分类的基础上,根据贷款增量控制目标、若干考核指标的监控考核结果和保证重点、调整结构的需要,综合核定、调整各行存贷执行比例。
按季考核是指按照核定的各行存贷执行比例,对资产负债比例管理执行结果进行按旬观测,按月监控,按季考核。
二、指标设置与考核
资产负债比例管理指标包括考核指标和监控指标两类。随着比例管理的不断深入和完善,将逐步调整、补充指标。
考核类指标包括:
(一)存贷款余额比例:各项贷款余额与一般性存款余额的比例。
(二)借入资金比例:计划借差、系统内借款(人行再贷款)、临时借款、超占汇差资金、拆入资金之和与信贷资产总量的比例。
(三)利息实收比例。
(四)资产盈利比例。
(五)不良贷款比例。
(六)存款市场占比。
监控类指标包括:资产流动性比例、固定资产贷款计划完成率、重点建设贷款到位比例、中长期贷款比例、拆借资金比例、备付金比例、单个贷款比例及人民银行规定的其他指标。
考核类指标按季考核,实行动态考核和静态考核相结合的方法。存贷款余额比例按旬平均余额和季末时点数余额实行双重考核,以上季度考核结果作为下季度调整比例的依据;其他指标按季考核的结果直接纳入调节系数计算,以调节下季度各分行存贷执行比例。监控类指标不直接与存贷比例挂钩,但总行有权根据监控指标执行情况和有关管理要求,在5个百分点范围内调整各分行的存贷执行比例。
三、比例核定与调整
各分行存贷执行比例依下面公式计算核定:
执行比例=现行比例×存款变动系数+新增存贷比参数×调节系数
(一)现行比例是执行季(年)度的上一个季度实际存贷余额比例。计算方法:上季度贷款月平均余额÷上季度存款月平均余额
(二)存款变动系数是存款增长对比例变动的影响程度。它实际是假设在贷款不增加的情况下存款增长使存贷比自然下降的程度。计算方法:上季(年)存款余额÷执行季(年)度预计存款余额。存款变动系数按季测定,一般情况下各分行执行统一的系数。
(三)新增存贷比参数是新增存贷比的变动对存贷执行比例影响的控制参数,它实际上规定了贷款增量。计算方法:执行季度预计新增贷款÷执行季度预计存款余额。新增存贷比参数按季(年)分类测定,不同类型的行执行不同参数。
分类情况见附表1。
(四)调节系数是有关“三性”指标完成情况对执行比例的影响系数,根据借入资金比例、利息实收比例、资产盈利比例、不良贷款比例和存款市场占比5个指标考核结果确定。计算方法:各指标考核结果的相应分档系数的平均值。
1996年调节系数的测定标准见附表2。
总行每年初根据上年度执行结果,测定当年各分行存贷余额比例;每个季度在对上一季度考核的基础上核定下达季度存贷执行比例。
比例调控范围既包括流动资金贷款,也包括固定资产贷款;既包括增量也包括存量。为了体现保证重点的要求,各分行在核定的比例内要首先保证对国家重点项目、中央级大中型项目基建贷款、限上技改、总行安排重点项目新增储备贷款和安居工程贷款的安排。上述贷款安排超过各分行新增贷款30%的部分,总行根据信贷项目计划适时调增各分行存贷执行比。小型建贷项目全额纳入各分行比例范围之内,原则上不再调整,总行特别安排的小型项目在分行比例中确实无法解决的,经总行资产负债管理委员会批准后可调增比例。目前建贷回收额是国家有关部门下达的指令性指标,各分行要保证完成总行下达的计划。总行将以年度建贷回收计划为基数,每季依回收计划的四分之一调减各行存贷比。
四、组织机构和部门职责分工
各分行的资产负债管理委员会为资产负债管理的决策机构。其工作方式以季度例会形式为主。会议的主要内容是:听取有关业务部门对全行资产负债比例管理执行情况的考核、监测、检查、分析报告,研究解决存在的问题,审批和部署实施下季度存贷执行比例。各分行的资产负债管理委员会还要负责向总行资产负债管理委员会报告工作。
资产负债管理委员会的日常办事机构设在资金计划部门。资金计划部门负责综合各部门意见和各分行情况,定期检查和考核比例管理执行情况,核定下达各分行的存贷执行比例;对存贷比例、借入资金比例等相关统计指标进行定期分析、考核;提出组织比例管理运行的有关计划、意见和方案,并向资产负债管理委员会报告;组织贯彻执行资产负债管理委员会的决策。
信贷、财会、信息、筹资、审计等资产负债管理委员会的各成员部门根据各自业务分工对相关比例进行考核、监测,并提出有关意见和建议。信贷部门负责考核、提供不良贷款指标(或风险度指标),监测固定资产贷款计划完成率、重点建设贷款到位比例、中长期贷款比例情况,并提供总行安排的重点项目贷款计划。财会部门负责考核、提供利息实收比例、资产盈利比例指标。筹资部门负责考核提供存款市场占比指标。信息部门负责比例管理各项基础数据的统计和分析。其他部门根据业务分工各负其责,共同做好资产负债比例管理工作。
五、操作程序
(一)年度存贷执行比例核定。每年1月20日前,各部门按分工考核并提供有关指标上年度执行结果以及相关数据,资金计划部门在1月末前根据比例管理的要求制订核定比例的原则和具体方法,测定各行存贷执行比例,经资产负债管理委员会批准后下达。
(二)季度存贷执行比例的调整核定。各成员部门于每季第一个月份的20日内向资金计划部门提供上一季度的考核、监测结果。资金计划部门据以测算调整各行当季存贷执行比例,报资产负债管理委员会批准后于当季第一个月内下达执行。重点项目贷款需要调整比例的,由信贷部门及时向计划部门提送重点项目贷款计划,资金计划部门根据对各分行存贷比的考核和信贷部门提供的项目计划,在全行存贷款比例内综合平衡后调整分行的存贷执行比例,报资产负债管理委员会批准后下达执行。
六、罚则
(一)各分行要严格按比例控制贷款。在季度中间可按核定的存贷执行比适当浮动,上浮幅度一般为1个百分点,没有借差和1996年消化借差的分行可以上浮1.5个百分点,但季末都必须控制在比例内。凡季度末存贷比例超过核定数者,每超过1个百分点扣减次季存贷执行比例2个百分点。
(二)各分行要严格按照固定资产贷款项目计划在核定的比例内发放。对固定资产贷款计划完成率、重点贷款到位率达不到总行规定要求的,相应扣减下季度存贷款执行比例。对利用流动资金贷款搞固定资产投资的,按有关规定严厉惩处。
(三)各分行要严格防止将拆借资金、同业存放款、财政性存款等列入一般存款科目核算反映。一经发现违规操作或继续搞假表、假数的,除追究行政责任外,视情节轻重相应降低其存贷执行比例、缩小贷款审批权限或恢复限额管理。
(四)对故意违规操作,导致比例严重失控的行,除恢复实行严格的限额管理外,对主要领导人和直接责任者分别给予相应的行政处分。
本规程自1996年起执行,解释权在总行资金计划部。
附件:一
分类标准设定表
------------------------------------------------------------
| 类别 | 1类 | 2类 | 3类 |
|----------------------|--------|----------|----------|
| 分类标准% | | | |
| |60以下|60--69|70--79|
|(按存贷余额比例划分)| | | |
------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------
4类 | 5类 | 6类 |
----------|----------|------------|
| | |
80--89|90--99|100以上 |
| | |
--------------------------------------
附件:二
1996年调节系数标准测定表
----------------------------------------------------------
| | 1档 | 2档 | 3档 |
|----------------|----------|------------|----------|
| 指 标 | 1.20| 1.10 | 1.00|
|----------------|----------|------------|----------|
|1.借入资金比例|<=0% |<=10% |<=25%|
|----------------|----------|------------|----------|
|2.利息实收比例|>=95%|>=85% |>=75%|
|----------------|----------|------------|----------|
|3.资产盈利比例|>=1% |>=0.5%|>=0% |
|----------------|----------|------------|----------|
|4.不良资产比例|<=4% |<=7% |<=10%|
|----------------|----------|------------|----------|
|5.存款市场占比| | | |
| |>=27%|>=23% |>=20%|
| (余额) | | | |
----------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------
4档 | 5档 |
--------------|--------------|
0.90 | 0.80 |
--------------|--------------|
<=35% |>35% |
--------------|--------------|
>=65% |<65% |
--------------|--------------|
>=--0.3%|<--0.3% |
--------------|--------------|
<=15% |>15% |
--------------|--------------|
| |
>=16% |<16% |
| |
--------------------------------
|(举例说明)|
深圳分行11月末借入资金比例为0,对应第一档系数是1.2;实收利息比例为65%,对应第四档系数是0.9;资产盈利比例为1.87%,对应第一档系数是1.2;不良贷款比例为14.30%,对应第四档系数是0.9;存款市场占比26%,对应第二档系数为1.1。
依此计算调节系数为:
(1.2+0.9+1.2+0.9+1.1)÷5=1.06
附件:三 资产负债比例管理考核指标计算口径及存贷比计算公式说明
一、主要考核指标的计算口径
(一)存贷余额比例。即各项贷款与一般性存款余额之比。
季度内旬平均余额=9个旬末时点余额之和÷9
季末时点存贷比=季末各项贷款余额÷季末一般存款余额
数据来源:传输的会计总帐或信贷旬报。
其中各项贷款、一般存款以信贷统计口径计算。
(二)借入资金比例。即借入资金之和与信贷资产总量之比。它反映了各分行信贷资金平衡能力及消化借差的情况。
借入资金=累计借差额度(结转借款)+系统内借款(人民银行再贷款)+临
时借款+超占汇差+拆入资金
信贷资产=各项借款+长、短期投资+外币占款+国债买卖+外汇买卖
+准备金+备付金+现金+固定资产净值+在建工程
数据来源:资金部门台帐及信贷月报。
(三)利息实收比例。即当期实收贷款利息与应收贷款利息之比。它反映了贷款利息回收和贷款质量状况。
简易计算方法:(贷款利息收入--应收利息当年增加额)÷贷款利息收入。
数据来源:财务报表和信贷月报。
(四)资产盈利比例。即总利润与总资产之比。它反映了各分行总资产的获利能力。
总资产=各分行季末资产负债表中资产总额--存人民银行财政存款
数据来源:财务报表和资产负债表。
(五)不良贷款比例。即逾期贷款、呆滞贷款、呆帐贷款之和与贷款总额之比。主要反映了各分行的贷款质量状况。
数据来源:信贷部门提供。(或综4表)
(六)存款市场占比。即各分行一般性存款余额占当地五家商业银行各项存款余额的比重。它反映各分行存款所占市场份额。
数据来源:筹资部门提供。(或综16表)
二、存贷比计算公式说明
存贷执行比例=现行比例×存款变动系数+新增存贷比参数×调节系数
(一)现行比例即按规定口径计算的上个季度实际存贷余额比例。
(二)存款变动系数是随存款增长而压缩现行存贷比的系数。即假设在贷款不增加的情况下存款增长使存贷比自然下降的程度。计算方法:上季存款余额÷执行季度预计存款余额。
简化公式:1÷(1+存款增长率)
(三)新增存贷比参数是分类设定的新增存贷比对存贷余额执行比例的控制参数。即按照贷款增量控制目标换算的余额存贷比。计算方法:执行季度预计新增贷款÷执行季度预计存款余额
简化公式:新增存贷比×存款增长率÷(1+存款增长率)
(四)调节系数是“三性”指标执行结果对存贷比例的影响系数。即根据五项考核指标的考核结果控制新增存贷比进而影响余额存贷比的系数。计算方法:各指标考核结果的相应分档系数的加权平均值。
简化公式:五个指标相应分档系数之和÷5
〖举例说明〗
假定某行存款按30%增长,新增存贷比设定为29%,调节系数测定为1.02,则该行
存款变动系数=1÷(1+30%)=0.7692
新增存贷比参数=30%×29%÷(1+30%)=6.692%
该行存贷执行比例=现行比例×0.7692+6.692%×1.02
新增存贷比的参考值由下面公式得出:
当实际存款增长25%时:
新增存贷比参考值=(执行余额比×(1+25%)--现行余额比)
÷25%
当实际存款增长30%,32%,35%时依此类推。
每个季度核定存贷比时,根据总量控制目标和上季执行结果,相应改变存款增长率,新增存贷比及调节系数的值。


  所谓恶意调解,是指在民事诉讼中当事人恶意串通,利用调解规则骗取法院调解书,损害他人权益的行为。恶意调解骗取调解书是虚假诉讼结案的主要方式。按照恶意的主体双方的参与标准,可将恶意串通分成一方恶意串通与双方恶意串通,本文讨论的是指双方恶意串通。随着调解热的兴起与调解率考核的严格要求,一些当事人利用调解的自愿处分性和法院调解书的对世性,进行虚假诉讼。法院进行调解的风险性也日趋增加。

一、恶意调解频发的制度因素分析

恶意调解之所以盛行,原因具有多重性,就社会生态而言,如社会诚信开始缺失、社会心态普遍浮躁、只问目的不问手段的功利主义盛行。为了恶意调解的防治工作更具有可操作性,本文在成因分析上,只着重突出法律与审判管理方面的制度分析,便于法院系统对症下药。

(一)调解过于突出当事人处分权属性

调解在法院案件的审理过程中,具有双重属性:一是法院审判权的行使的结果,调解过程体现了审判权属性;二是当事人的自由处分权。当事人在自愿的基础上,放弃其相应实体权益,是对自己权益的自由处分。但如何看待两种属性间的关系,对调解会出现的不同态度和做法。在制度设计以及司法理念上,调解的处分权属性存在着多个层面上。

1、民事诉讼的自认制度。最高人民法院《关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》第八条第一款对自认制度就规定:诉讼过程中,一方当事人对另一方当事人陈述的案件事实明确表示承认的,另一方当事人无需举证,但涉及身份关系的案件除外。该条其余条款就拟制自认及其限制、委托代理人的自认及其限制和自认的撤回条件做了规定。可以说,自认制度对于提高司法效率,克服证据偏在的缺陷以及限制审判权的滥用方面具有独特而又重要的作用,但是也正因为当事人间拥有这项自由权,且法官无法对其进行充分职权制衡,出现了“周瑜打黄盖,一方愿打、一方愿挨的局面”,为恶意串通打开了方便之门,违背了强化当事人程序主体地位保障的立法美意。

2、查明事实、分清是非之调解原则被抛弃

尽管民事诉讼法规定:在事实清楚的基础上,分清是非,进行调解。并依此作为法院调解的基本原则,但正是因为司法者只看到了调解的当事人处分权属性,没有充分注意和重视法官的审判权属性,认为只要当事人自愿达成了调解协议,法院就没有必要禁止,导致调解的过程中,自动放弃了对基本事实的审查和是非责任的区分,放纵当事人无底线博弈甚至恶意串通等不合情理、违反法律的行为。

3、调解制度的非程序性缺陷

民诉法对形成裁判的审理,有着严格的程序要求,但是对案件调解的审理过程,没有予以严格意义的程序性要求,具有非程序性特征。具体而言,在实践中,庭前对于开庭事宜通知、文书送达等都采取简便化方式,不进行证据交换,审理程序随意;没有调查与辩论的严格程序与阶段区分;文书制作简单化,一般都是先有调解协议再制作调解笔录;调解书无法体现事实与证据方面的诉辩交锋等情况。这些非程序性特点,导致法官更加难以发现案件的虚假性,并因程序的庄重感缺失,使虚假诉讼当事人缺乏对法律与法院的必要尊重感与畏惧感。

(二)调解公开制度不完备

实践中,对于调解过程与结果一般不公开。经过庭审进行裁判的案件,除了几种法定事由外,都要进行公开审理,裁判文书一般而言都要求上网。而调解结案的,过程等程序性的东西不公开,调解的重要结果即调解书,也非公开范围之内。正因为调解的过程与结果的不透明,使得很多相关主体无法及时发现合法利益受损的情况,等延迟滞后获得讯息时,相关证据已然湮灭难寻,也就无法向法院主张权益。

(三)审判管理过高追求调解率

中国司法实践注重调解,并且调解确实有裁判所不具有的某些优势,如当事人不撕破脸皮情形下有利于事后修补关系,还能节省司法资源,提高司法效率。但是过高追求调解率,则是矫枉过正,适得其反,进而出现不良反应与后果,利用过高调解率的追求进行恶意调解就是这些恶果之一。虚假诉讼当事人尤为欢迎调解结案,以便于迅速、安全地获取特定诉讼结果。法官也因为考核棒的指挥,无意识地配合当事人实现他的非法利益诉求,同时也实现了自己符合调解率考核的需求。

二、恶意调解的规制

(一)加重调解过程中审判权属性的体现

利用调解制度造就虚假诉讼成行,最重要的原因还是在于过于强调和突出调解的处分权属性,忽视了审判权属性。如正视和充分发挥审判权如下功能,一定程度上就能减少恶意调解成功的概率。当然,首先还是应该集中归类一些集中体现虚假诉讼的案件类型,然后在此基础上,重点突出这类案件类型的审判职权。据审判实践经验总结,现在常见的虚假诉讼类型案件有:1、民间借贷案件;2、以设立建筑施工项目部的建筑施工企业为被告的借贷、买卖、租赁等财产纠纷案件;3、涉及认定、处理夫妻共同债务的离婚、财产纠纷案件;4、存在法律或政策限制的房地产权属纠纷案件;5、以资不抵债的企业或其他组织为被告的劳务、财产纠纷案件;6、以涉及拆迁安置补偿的自然人作为诉讼主体的分家析产、继承、房屋买卖合同纠纷案件;7、保险合同纠纷案件;8、大标的的支付令申请案件。

一是坚持事实清楚、是非分明的审查要求。民诉法对调解有“查明事实、分清是非”的明确要求。事实清楚是法官审理案件的基本要求,是审判权运用要实现的基本目标。调解和裁判应该一样,不能无原则的“和稀泥”,更要体现对社会行为和生活的规制与指引,这样才有利于培育社会养成理性、法治思维。所以,查明基本事实,分清是非责任很有必要,对于疑似虚假诉讼案件更是如此。

二是依职权调查。尽管民事证据规则有自认制度,但是对于属于虚假诉讼类型的案件,完全可以依据民诉法关于法院依职权进行调查的规定。依职权调查不能仅限于对裁判类结案的案件,对自愿达成调解的案件依职权调查,就是审判权权属内容的重要体现。

三是重视程序仪式感。审判权的这种特有的权力,其特征不仅体现在中立裁判、分辨是非和划分责任等上面,与其向伴随的还是程序仪式上的庄重感和美感。审判权能够充分理想地被法官和法院运用来解决矛盾纠纷,就必须借助这些程序设置与要求,对于防止利用调解程序进行恶意调解更是如此。所以,对于虚假诉讼集中体现的案件类型,调解前的有关文书送达和通知,在条件具备情况下,应尽量依照庭审程序要求进行活动,尤其要注意在审判庭等严肃场所进行调解。这样可以对当事人造成一定心理压力,增加虚假情况暴露的几率。

(二)降低调解率等审判管理指标

审判管理的必要性与重要性,毋庸多言,但审判管理也应尊重司法规律,动辄百分之六十五以上的调撤率指标,就是不尊重司法规律、不科学的体现。中国目前还是典型的“熟人社会”,一般而言,只有当矛盾纠纷到了不可调和,各种正常渠道走不通等私力救济渠道难以解决的情况下,才会交由法院进行诉讼处理。对于这样的矛盾纠纷如还过分强调调撤率,人为增大考核指标,会导致系列不良后果。首先,虚假诉讼当事人明知法院有调解压力,就会产生利用调解制度,进行恶意串通而骗取调解书的心理动机。其次,法院和法官基于绩效考核的数据要求,可能在数据上弄虚作假或合理制造一些数据。如,对可以调解的集团诉讼进行批案立案。更有甚者,编造本无事实争议案件,立案后调解撤案。另外有的法官为了达到调解目的,常常以拖促调、以压促调,最终损害了法院的尊严与法律的威严,使社会公平正义不彰。所以,应该立即大幅度降低调撤率指标,使司法回归司法、符合规律运行。

(三)比照裁判文书公开调解书

目前,除了法定事由和特殊情况外,裁判文书一般要求公开上网,但是调解书被排除在外。这种实践做法,很有必要加以修正,即应该参照裁判文书的公开要求,将调解书予以上网公开。理由是:一是调解书不上网公开没有特殊理由依据。在调解过程中,确实会存在双方妥协与交易的情况,但这些集中体现在调解笔录和调解协议上,法院出具的调解书一般进行了必要的过滤。此外,正常的案件都是以诉讼的形式进行的,在立案之时,合法的当事人已经预期案件必将公之于众。二是网上公开调解书是破除恶意调解的有力方式。恶意调解经法院确认成行后,利益受损的案外人一般很难获得相关信息,允许进行网上公开,是制衡虚假诉讼的重要武器。并且进一步建议,法官在对属于常见虚假诉讼类型案件立案和调解时,应对当事人特别进行释明,告知调解书也必定会在网上公开。当然,具有特殊理由不能公开的,就依据裁判文书不能上网公开的规定处理。

三、虚假调解书的救济